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2.2.4.1 Applications and perspectives

In the area of sensor systems based on nanotechnology, solid state sensors and bioarrays based are the most developed.  These are however largely used in other application fields, such as bioscience R&D, environmental monitoring, and internal combustion engine management systems. 

There is substantial commercial activity within the area of delivery systems (in particular nano-emulsions).  Several companies hold patents on nanotechnology applications in the area of delivery (including for pesticides) such as BASF, Proctor and Gamble, Henkel, Dow Chemical, Syngenta, of which BASF is the most prolific.  Several recent patents for nanotechnology enabled delivery systems that have application for pesticides are held by Chinese institutions.

Slow release systems based on nano-clays are available from at least one company (based in the EU), and have been trialled in desert regions[i].  A second company (based in the US) manufactures drip flow herbicide systems, which potentially could be adapted for fertiliser use[ii].

Existing biotechnology solutions for the genetic engineering of plants and animals have been developed for the last twenty years or more, and are therefore mature.  With regards to nanotechnology applications, there are no commercial applications yet, but some patents.  One example specifically for plants is that from Integrated Plant Genetics Inc. which has patented a silicon carbide nanoparticulate delivery system.

Nanocomposites based on renewable biomaterials have a definite place in packaging in the future.  Pilot projects are actively being pursued by a number of different companies to realise this (e.g the SustainPack FP6 project which brought together leading packaging manufacturers and research organisations to investigate how nanotechnology could improve biodegradable fibre-based packaging[iii]).